Was the use of accents in -ed adjectives ever common-place? When were they first used in modern books?

The distinction between the words blessèd (/ˈblɛsəd/) and blessed (/blɛst/) (see Grammarbook) appears to be wearing thin in modern language, possibly due to reduced accent usage and its resultant lack of different pronunciation between the two terms. Wiktionary refers to the word as poetic, dated And most damningly of all as an Alternative form of … Read more

Why are diacritics used in words that apparently don’t need them? Is it some sort of poetic license?

In his poem Spring and Fall, Gerard Manley Hopkins uses diacritics where one would normally not see them. Does anyone know why? Here is the poem: Márgarét, áre you gríeving Over Goldengrove unleaving? Leáves like the things of man, you With your fresh thoughts care for you, can you? Ah! ás the heart grows older … Read more

“She´s happy” vs “She’s happy” vs “She’s happy” vs …?

I’ve always wondered what the correct apostrophe is when using contractions. Should I use She´s happy or She’s happy? English´s a universal language. English‘s a universal language. Why do a lot of people use ´ for this, as though it were café au lait? Am I missing something here? Answer "She’s happy" uses unicode character … Read more

What is the difference between a dieresis and an umlaut?

In my personal experience, many native speakers of U.S. English are familiar with the term "umlaut" as referring to the double dots above a letter, though they are not generally aware of its actual effect on pronunciation. They are typically unfamiliar with the term "dieresis". Therefore, they would describe the dots over the "e" in … Read more

Can there be a circonflex on a “w” in Welsh?

Consider the page Wrexham Glyndŵr University. Why is there a circonflex on the w? Does this exist in Welsh spelling? Answer Yes, the circumflex exists in the Welsh spelling: Circumflex In Welsh : The circumflex is known as hirnod “long sign” or acen grom “crooked accent”, but more usually and colloquially as to bach “little … Read more

Is there an equivalent of diaeresis, but for consonants?

I know that diaeresis is used to show that two adjacent vowels are not a diphthong but should be pronounced separately, as in naïve or Zoë. Is there an equivalent mark or format in current or historical use that shows that a pair of consonants that usually form a digraph (e.g. “sh” or “th”) should … Read more

Is there a word for the letter that a diacritic is applied to?

If I am speaking about a letter that has a diacritical mark (e.g. ‘á’), what word or phrase should I use to reference the base letter (e.g. ‘a’)? I’m looking for something a little more concise than “the letter that it modifies” or “the letter that it is added to”. I couldn’t find anything helpful … Read more